The term Baroque Essay Example for Free

The term baroque EssayThe interchange baroque, like or so period or stylistic designations, was invented by later critics preferably than practitioners of the tricks in the 17th and early 18th centuries. It is a French translation of the Portuguese word Barroco (meaning an irregular pearl, or false jewelnotably, an ancient similar word, Barlocco or Brillocco, is intaked in Roman dialect for the same meaningand natural pearls that deviate from the usual, regular forms so they do not obligate an axis of rotation are known as baroque pearls). Alternatively, it may derive from the now antiquated Italian Baroco (meaning, in logical Scholastica, a syllogism with weak capability). A common definition, before the term Barocco was used, called this writing port simply the style of The Flying Forms.The term Baroque was initially used with a derogatory meaning, to underline the excesses of its emphasis, of its eccentric redundancy, its noisy abundance of details, as opposed to the clearer and sober rationality of the Renaissance. It was first rehabilitated by the Swiss-born artistryistic production historian, Heinrich Wlfflin (18641945) in his Renaissance und Barock (1888) Wlfflin identified the Baroque as movement imported into mass, an art antithetic to Renaissance art.He did not make the distinctions between Mannerism and Baroque that modern writers do, and he ignored the later phase, the academic Baroque that lasted into the 18th century. Writers in French and English did not develop to treat Baroque as a respectable study until Wlfflins influence had made German scholarship pre-eminent.In modern usage, the term Baroque may still be used, usually pejoratively, to fall upon works of art, craft, or design that are thought to have excessive ornamentation or complexity of line, or, as a synonym for Byzantine, to describe lit, computer programs, contracts, or laws that are thought to be too complex, indirect, or obscure in phrase, to the extent of concealing or confusing their meaning. A Baroque venerate is deeply felt, simply utterly beyond daily reality.Baroque Baroque visual artA defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting is provided by the series of paintings executed by dent Paul Rubens for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris (now at the Louvre) 1, in which a Catholic painter satisfied a Catholic patron Baroque-era conceptions of monarchy, iconography, handling of paint, and compositions as well as the depiction of quadriceps femoris and movement.There were highly diverse strands of Italian baroque painting, from Caravaggio to Cortona both approaching emotive heartiness with different styles. Another frequently cited work of Baroque art is Berninis Saint Theresa in Ecstasy for the Cornaro chapel service in S. Maria della Vittoria, which brings together architecture, scratch, and theater into one grand conceit 2.The later Baroque style gradually gave way to a more decorative Rococo, w hich, by means of contrast, further defines Baroque.Baroque Baroque literature and philosophyBaroque actually expressed new values, which often are summarised in the use of fable and allegory, widely found in Baroque literature, and in the research for the maraviglia (wonder, astonishment as in Marinism), the use of artifices. If Mannerism was a first breach with Renaissance, Baroque was an opposed language.The psychological pain of Man a theme disbanded after the Copernican and the Lutheran revolutions in search of solid anchors, a proof of an last-ditch human power was to be found in both the art and architecture of the Baroque period. A relevant part of works was made on religious themes, since the Roman Church was the main customer.Virtuosity was researched by artists (and the virtuoso became a common figure in any art) together with realism and care for details (some talk of a typical intricacy).The privilege given to external forms had to compensate and balance the lack of content that has been observed in many Baroque works Marinos Maraviglia, for example, is practically made of the pure, mere form. Fantasy and image should be evoked in the spectator, in the reader, in the listener. All was focused around the individual Man, as a straight relationship between the artist, or directly the art and its user, its client. Art is then little distant from user, more directly approaching him, solving the cultural gap that used to keep art and user reciprocally far, by Maraviglia.But the increased attention to the individual, also created in these schemes some definitive genres like the Romanzo (novel) and let popular or local forms of art, especially dialectal literature, to be put into evidence. In Italy this movement toward the single individual (that some define a cultural descent, while others indicate it was a possible cause for the classical opposition to Baroque) caused Latin to be definitely replaced by Italian.In English literature, the metaph ysical poets represent a closely related movement their poetry likewise sought bizarre metaphors, which they then examined in often extensive detail. Their verse also manifests a taste for paradox, and deliberately imaginative and unusual turns of phrase.Baroque Baroque sculptureIn Baroque sculpture, groups of figures assumed new importance, and there was a dynamic movement and energy of human forms they spiralled around an empty central vortex, or reached outwards into the contact space. For the first time, Baroque sculpture often had multiple ideal viewing angles. The characteristic Baroque sculpture added extra-sculptural elements, for example, concealed triping, or water fountains.The architecture, sculpture and fountains of Bernini (15981680) give highly-charged characteristics of Baroque style. Bernini was undoubtedly the most important sculptor of the Baroque period. He approached Michelangelo in his omnicompetence Bernini sculpted, worked as an architect, painted, wrote plays, and staged spectacles. In the late 20th century Bernini was most valued for his sculpture, both for his virtuosity in carving marble and his ability to create figures that combine the physical and the spiritual. He was also a fine sculptor of bust portraits in high demand among the powerful.Baroque Berninis Cornaro chapel the complete work of artA good example of Berninis work that helps us understand the Baroque is his St. Theresa in Ecstasy (164552), created for the Cornaro Chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome. Bernini designed the entire chapel, a subsidiary space along the side of the church, for the Cornaro family.He had, in essence, a brick box shaped something like a forestage stage space with which to work. Saint Theresa, the focal point of the chapel, is a monochromatic marble statue (a soft white) encircled by a polychromatic marble architectural framing concealing a window to light the statue from above. In shallow relief, sculpted figure-group s of the Cornaro family inhabit in opera boxes along the two side walls of the chapel.The consideration places the viewer as a spectator in front of the statue with the Cornaro family leaning out of their box seats and craning forward to see the mystical ecstasy of the saint. St. Theresa is highly idealized in detail and in an ideational setting. St. Theresa of Avila, a popular saint of the Catholic Reformation, wrote narratives of her mystical endures aimed at the nuns of her Carmelite Order these writings had engender popular reading among lay people interested in pursuing spirituality.She once described the wonder of God as piercing her heart like a burning arrow. Bernini literalizes this image by placing St. Theresa on a cloud in a reclining pose what can only be described as a Cupid figure holds a golden arrow (the arrow is made of metal) and smiles down at her. The angelic figure is not preparing to plunge the arrow into her heart rather, he has withdrawn it. St. Theresa s face reflects not the forecasting of ecstasy, but her current fulfillment, which can only be described as orgasmic.The blending of religious and tingling was intensely offensive to both neoclassical restraint and, later, to Victorian prudishness it is part of the genius of the Baroque. Bernini, who in life and writing was a devout Catholic, is not attempting to satirize the experience of a chaste nun, but to embody in marble a complex truth about religious experience that it is an experience that takes place in the body. Theresa described her bodily reaction to spiritual enlightenment in a language of ecstasy used by many mystics, and Berninis depiction is earnest.The Cornaro family promotes itself discreetly in this chapel they are represented visually, but are placed on the sides of the chapel, witnessing the event from balconies. As in an opera house, the Cornaro have a privileged position in respect to the viewer, in their private reserve, closer to the saint the viewer, how ever, has a infract view from the front. They attach their name to the chapel, but St. Theresa is the focus. It is a private chapel in the sense that no one could say mass on the altar beneath the statue (in 17th century and probably through the 19th) without permission from the family, but the only thing that divides the viewer from the image is the altar rail. The spectacle functions both as a demonstration of mysticism and as a piece of family pride.