Sex and gender are both social constructions. Discuss Essay

Sex and gender are both social constructions. Discuss - Essay ExampleTo progress to this, mess invest the item with value, which every person acknowledge (therefore acting as though it has significance), and this explains pots practices where bills is concerned. However, currency is not vertical a thing, which occurs autonomously of human doings in the real number world. In consequence, money is a social construction and a concept. It is incredibly real - calling money a social construct does not make it non-existent or imaginary. Nevertheless, its actuality is reliant on our ethnicity practices as wellspring as our culture. This denotes that its classification, meaning, use and value are completely contingent on ethnicity. This paper will contend sex and gender as social constructions. As societys culture transmutes, so do their constructs. Certain constructs develop and then plunge into abandonment, and therefore, grow out of subsistence. Others remain however, they vary fr om one polish and historical episode to another. Sex and gender are such constructs. The behaviours and traits, which are believed to be feminine and masculine, dissent vividly from one ethnicity and time interlude to another. Suitable ways of conduct oneself, the labour, which is allotted to gender sets, beliefs concerning inwrought talents and predispositions change drastically (Butler 2008). In addition, this adaptation and variation to circumstances, as well as social pressures underpins the persuasion that gender and sex are social constructions instead of some kind of essence, which begins from biology. Since if gender were shaped by means of physical sex, it would never change in this manner, but would be constant, simply as other by nature determined traits remain constant. Hence, gender differs with cultural transformation (Butler 2008). Gender is designated at birth rendering to natural sex. Medical specialists inspect the infants genitals and proclaim that the infant is a girl or a boy (except in the case where the new-born is intersex, where much effort is made to compel the kid into one faction or another). At that moment, the work inaugurates to fraternise the kid and impart the script, which matches with the gender that they have been allocated. In addition, most of people become pretty good on performing the fitting script. muckle learn which sentiments they are judge to exhibit, which undertakings they are judge to relish and shine at, as well as which ones they are expected to avoid. People also learn how to converse with one another, how to control their body language, and which type of hobbies and work they are expected to pursue. For many people it is not an appropriate fit, but people manage, or they learn ways of fashioning those qualities about themselves, which do not match the script less visible. Nevertheless, for some people, it feels erroneous enough that they cannot just fit. For gender queer and trans gender,an individu al, acting the new script or even an altered script completely, is the alone(predicate) technique to render life liveable (Jackson, Steve & Sue 2006). Therefore, this description provokes a few queries such as why there exist only and why people require these scripts. People require the scripts as well as the evidently delineated categorical differences, because people cannot design hierarchy without variance. Hierarchy hinges on difference, therefore, people pick some physical

Climate Disruption Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Climate ruffle - Term Paper ExampleThe intention of this study is temper reposition that is definitively happening, and the consensus is that the major relieve oneself of this climate multifariousness is man-made. The theory as to why climate change is occurring centers around greenhouse gases. Karl & Tremberth explain that these gases, which complicate carbon dioxide that results from burning fossil fuel accumulates in the atmosphere, and this is what causes worldwide warming. This effect has been seen worldwide. They withal express that the concrete jungles of cities makes the cities hotter than more rural argonas, because of the pollution in these areas causes urban heat islands. Other places where there are regionally warmer temperatures includes Amazonia and Sahel, because of deforestation and desertification. Cloud feedback, in which clouds trap long-wave radiation, is another cause of warming. Alternately, cloud feedback may cause global coolling if the clouds reflect solar radiation . Man has contributed to the global warming problem in a significant way. One way is through emissions from fuel burning, which causes oxidized gases which can become strongly bewitching aerosols, such as black carbon or soot. This interacts with the clouds and moisture, and this leads to neat heating. These aerosols also affect the climate by reflecting solar radiation and affect the climate indirectly by changing the reflective properties of clouds and the clouds lifetimes. The overall consensus is that global climate change is due to man-made activities, and that climate change has dire consequences for our ecosystems and land masses end-to-end the world. Evidence Regarding Climate Change The scientific consensus is that the cause of climate change is due to an increase in greenhouse gases. There are a variety of studies which support this claim, and Oreskes (2004) contends, essentially, that the debate on climate change is not over, for there are no significant dissenting opinions on the affaire. Climate change is real, it is caused by greenhouse gases and it is not the result of a natural warming trend. In her article The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change, Oreskes takes on the individuals who would deny climate change and refutes their arguments, one by one. She begins by stating that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which was created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program, has tell unequivocally that the scientific consensus on the matter is that human activity is affecting the earths temperatures. They state that the observed warming over the past 50 years is due to the greenhouse gas concentrations. Oreskes observes that the IPCC was make for political reasons, not to foster new research, and this is because the matter of climate change is one which is highly political. This readiness make the panel suspect, ecept that Oreske contends that all the major scientific bodies in the United States with honestise on the matter have issued reports stating the same thing that greenhouse gases has caused the earths temperature to rise. They also have consensus that the rise in these temperatures are over and above natural warming trends that might have happened within this period (Oreskes, 2004). Oreskes has also reviewed the contents of scientifically reviewed cover which have been published in recent years, noting that these papers must be scientifically sound, as they are published in peer-reviewed papers and must pass the scrutiny of critical, expert colleagues. Oreskes notes that the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) has indeed all the papers which have been refereed by scientific journals, and are able to sample the scientific literature on any given subject, which provides an unbiased view of the subject. The ISI examined abstracts for 928 papers published between the years 1993 and 2003, and found that, after using the k eyword phrase global climate change to discern the contents of articles about this subject that not one of the papers

History--Alamo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History--Alamo - Essay ExamplePeople with a salutary knowledge of the historic events at the Alamo were also able to point inaccuracies in parts of the film (McCrisken & Pepper, 2005 p. 22).The primitively Western films starring John Wayne such as Rio Bravo, Fort Apache, and also Rio Grande were in many ways typical examples of the milieu of the Western, and how that genre portrayed the white settlement of the Western states during the 19th century. These motion pictures were non however generally based upon actual historical events (McCrisken & Pepper, 2005 p. 23). John Wayne often played the role of the merry gunfighter attempting to make things better, or the lawman fighting (often alone) the less savoury gunfighters that brought anarchy to the West. John Wayne in the volume of his Western roles plays heroic characters from his youth in Fort Apache through to his later middle age in films such as True Grit (Carter, 2008 p. 83).Occasionally the milieu of the Western would thr ow up a film that intended to be a highly accurate portrayal of real life historical events, such as The Alamo, starring and also directed by John Wayne. Though John Wayne was not overtly attempting to be very patriotic the film arguably generates the ideological meaning that the successful breakaway of Texas from Mexico was a significant event in the history of the United States itself. As well as a beneficial development for the people of Texas because they escaped the misrule of the Mexicans and went on to gain greater freedom as part of the United States (Carter, 2008 p. 166).Naturally enough John Wayne cast himself as the main figure in the story, Davy Crockett, the man that American folklore most readily identifies with the brave resistance against the Mexican army despite organism heavily outnumbered, and easily overcome in the end. The Alamo was made during the golden era of the milieu of the Western, its

Organizational Change Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Change - Annotated Bibliography ExampleOrganizations be difficult to change because they be complex systems that are made-up of many different actors. If the organization is vent to change from bingle based on individual effort to one that operates on principles of team take and cooperation, some really basic assumptions on the part of each actor must change. Individual team members must bind focused on the goal the entire team is trying to achieve, not just their role in accomplishing the goal. Teams also need to have new types of leadership that is capable of communicating and reiterating the team goals to individuals and the team as a whole. Finally, all the members of a team need to recognize that staying in the same routines and same modes of work makes employees very comfortable, but also results in the same unsatisfactory results. Change is not something to fear, even though it may be uncomfortable for a while.Working as a team is not something that tin c an be treated as a fad or as an objective of senior vigilance that isnt really workable. Complex work requires the teaming of disparate employees in collaborative and cooperative roles in target to achieve a high degree of success. This change from individual effort to team effort is one of the greatest challenges facing organizations today. Establishing malleable and dynamic teams is only possible is sound principles of organizational change are implemented.The authors of this article are Amy Thurlow PhD and Jean Helms Mills PhD. In this article they argue that controlling organizational wrangle during a period of change is a key tactic used by leadership to add up about desired results. The problem with this control is that it may inhibit the sensemaking ability of those most affected by the change.The focus of this article is actually on professionals that come in from the outside to help organizations change. This is a unquestionably different approach from implementing cha nge in-house because much

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Description and Development Essay

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Description and training - Essay Example automated teller was originally conceived as a solution for completely integrating the inbuilt set of communication technologies, starting from the Local Area Network to the IP based systems and the broad spate voice and data communication systems. automatic teller machine was proposed as the final and ultimate protocol to take lot of all the requirements of all communication systems in the world. However, it was found that automated teller could satisfy only some of these interchangeable ADSL could take away full use of it. ATM was not used in its original form on the other devices. The best features and proposals of ATM were incorporated in a number of other standards that came about, typically, MPLS kind of systems. However, ATM has taken a rebirth in terms of the standards that are currently being developed IEC 62365 which provides for twain audio and video over IP using ATM technologies.The aim of this paper is to present the asynchronous transfer mode as a standard protocol, its description and development over a catch of time. The paper will also look at the places were this is being employed and to what extent these were successful in implementing the systems that are needed for the exploiters.Asynchronous Transfer mode systems integrate Voice, Video and Data. Since it is connected oriented technology, iodine packet with the same source and destination will travel through the same route. This employs best grounds delivery system which would enable performance and bandwidth on demand. Figure 1 Aimed at providing best helping (IEC, 2005)ATM as per the standards defined would employ connection oriented, packet-like makeing and multiplexing model. It starts by defining the fixed size cellular phone that comprises of 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header together making up the 53 bytes of cell information. ATM is fundamentally connection oriented. Therefore, it does multiple xing and reserves a route for a specific user on getting a request from the user. Multiplexing such lines over a network either from a user to a destination or from one switch to another would optimize the usage of the network to a great extent. This would save the cost of switching when requests are made one after the other and switch keeps changing the route. ATM also specifies a number of standards on how an user would get connected to an ATM network depending upon the upper berth of the network. ATM to User interface standards are governed by the ATM UNI standards.ATM has the interest three grades1. The physical layer2. ATM Layer3. ATM adaptation layerThe physical layer consists of various media that make up the transmission system, which would eventually add from kilo small-arms per second to gigabits per second. The ATM layer defines the cells that make up the data transfer along with the other components multiplexer that would switch the cell to the specific route that it should take, switches that would transmit data over a high speed switching hardware so that the transmission speed is achieved and finally have necessary software or hardware to take care of the issues that concern the commerce and do traffic management. In the ATM adaptation layer, four different types of data transfer is provided for the ATM system.AAL Type 1Constant bit rate servicesAAL Type 2Variable bit rate servicesAAL Type 3 / 4Connectionless services and data protocolsAAL Type 5 steep Speed

Findings about 'The Image In Print' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Findings ab start The Image In Print - Essay ExampleIn order to be satisfactory to fully and properly understand why the work of Martha W. Driver is entitled The Image in Print, we sincerely have to recognize and thoroughly examine and confer the key facts and phenomena that argon discussed in the book. By doing this we testament be able to get a better grasp on the work itself and as sound we will be able to come to a much more informed and knowledgeable outdoor stage on this matter overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following.One of the most important facts that argon discussed in this book takes place through chapter 1 to 4, and what takes place here is basically that nine of her important articles are drawn upon. One of the phenomena in particular that is discussed in this book is that of how Driver identifies the source of the woodcuts in de Wordes 1945 pas seul of Bartholomaeus Anglicuss De proprietatibus rerum here Driver thoroughly examines and discusses t he significance and the reasons for use of de Wordes fascination for composite pictures, and closely as comfortably in relation to this particular phenomena, discussed is the matter of how Verards Everyman and Everywoman figures ended up making their way into de Wordes painting, as well as the significance of this and how this greatly influenced works later on, particularly that of English printed books as far forrader as into the second half of the sixteenth century, which is quite substantial. An some other issue that is discussed in The Image in Print is that of how Driver strongly argues the fact that pictures can help us reconstruct social custom as well as attitudes towards history. (Driver, 2004). By this she basically means that many images in books especially in regards to Late Medieval England are used in various ways, for instance to represent plastered historical events that have taken place, and she believes that images such as these are truly and adamantly able t o stir our knowledge about late medieval life. Also included in this issue that she discusses is the fact of how these kindred images tend to be grasping or aiming towards realism and that they also generally are able to approbation written records, thus making the written records challenged against and as well easier to interpret due to this criticality. The reason that this is adept and only(a) of the most substantial facts that are discussed in the book is because of how most people truly do not understand the great significance of images in early printed books, and yet here Driver strongly argues and points out the images that are seen in these cases and how they are able to allow us to reflect more and easier, and how they are astonishingly able to change our view on the instances that took place in late medieval life. There are really no other books or works of any kind to date that do this, and if at that place are remotely they are certainly not as descript or as adam ant, and this is why this is one of the most strongest made facts in the book as well as why The Image in Print is such as substantial book in general. There are many other issues and interpretations that she brings up and discusses here, such as what takes place in chapter 6, which is titled Iconoclasm and Reform, and which

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Globalization - Essay simulationMisunderstandings are common, and these can have serious consequences ranging from the failure of business operations to the needless suffering of individuals caught in a kitchen-gardening far removed from that of their birth, and even to war and destruction when nations fail to come to a workable understanding of each differents aspirations. This paper examines two ways in which conversation theory and ethnical studies can be helpful in preventing cross-cultural miscommunication. The first is the disciplines potential to clarify and explain the role of ritual in human interactions, and this is explored using the example of health services which have to operate in one particular culture, but deal with clients from multiple contrastive cultures. The second is the process that can be called clarification of values which underpins intercultural understanding, and this is explored using example of business transaction between China and the Western w orld which includes Europe and America. The paper aims therefore to demonstrate on a small and then on a larger scale, the value of two aspects of communication theory and cultural studies in the modern world. ... Such extreme distinctions underpinned ideologies like colonialism and slavery which privileged white, western ideas above other types of culture. In the twentieth century, studies such as those of Adorno and Horkheimer observed the cataclysmic world wars, the horrors of Fascism, and the rise of capitalist consumerism and right concluded that Western culture was capable of untold atrocities. This brought into question all the former assumptions about the favourable position of Western elitist cultural assumptions. They concluded that the alliance of financial interests with cultural expression had resulted in a commodification of culture into what amounts to an industry. The effects of this were seen as negative, dragging culture down into a lowest common denominator and marketing it to define money The result is the circle of manipulation and retroactive need in which the unity of the system grows incessantly stronger. (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1999, p. 33) In a way this line of thinking can be seen as reaction against the elitist mass of culture that had prevailed in the previous century. More recent cultural theorists have formulated a more(prenominal) positive view of culture, seeing it as a multi-faceted quality of human behaviour that is far from unified, and holds the obligation of continued development and renewal due to the interaction of many different cultures. The work of bel hooks, for example, redefines the content elitism of dominant beliefs in America at the time of the civil rights movement as white supremacist capitalist patriarchy (hooks, 1999, p. 235) and promotes the ideal of cultural diversity (hooks, 1999, p. 239) which instead of supporting dominant

The role of humans in the global warming Term Paper

The role of humans in the global warming - marge Paper ExampleA war that is now fought with scientific data as the baseline, the rifts between the two opposing sides continues to widen with climb global temperatures, evidently, becoming grossly enjoined in the controversy. From the observed instrumental temperature records, the rising sea levels, to the disappearing glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere relative to the increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the halo, the indication that the present environmental state of affairs is massively man-made is beyond any liable doubt (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (b) Change chapter 2). Indeed, from a sketchy greenhouse effect word of advice as a result of heat-trapping emissions due to global, heavy reliance on fossil fuels over the conk two decades to the recent conviction of an increasing impact on the Earths climate, coupled with deforestation, but to a lesser extent, the absolute certainty of mans contribution to global w arming has become even clearer. succession scientific experts have f every(prenominal)en short of determining the precise amounts of warming attributable to human activities, recent measurements of the temperature increases of the worlds oceans relative to the expected amounts of warming from greenhouse gases, strengthen the IPPC consensus (Hansen 1433). Without a doubt, the observed hammy increases in the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the aura since the advent of modern civilization, buoyed in part by industrial revolution, have been higher than at any opposite time in history (IPCC (a) chapter 12). As alluded above, the genius greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and the halocarbons (such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine), each of which absorbs outgoing infrared radiation in the atmosphere, finally warming the planet, are all attributable to human activities. Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere hav e not only resulted from the use of fossil fuels in transportation, cooling and the manufacture of cement and new(prenominal) goods, but have also emanated from decaying plants occasioned by deforestation (IPCC (b) 19-20). The alterations of natural land cover around the world, in general for crop production since the industrial era, have all negatively impacted global climate. Available secernate indicates that industrial activities over the past 150 years increased the level of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere from 280 parts per million to 379 parts per million (IPPC (b) 54). Agriculture related activities and mans increasing gather up of landfills have contributed more than stuffed Methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. The use of fertilizers has also done a fair share in the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). Industrial use of halocarbons on the other hand has had irrefutable effects in stratospheric ozone depletion. A number of aerosols, now massively preset in the atmosp here, are the result of biomass burning and surface mining among other industrial processes (IPCC (b) chapter 8). The above human activities, in addition to many more similar activities, have all contributed to significant radioactive forcing in one way or another, consequently altering the earths surface temperatures over time. Accordingly, the 2013 revised, integrated scientific review of climate change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (7) has

Judaism paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Judaism - Research Paper ExampleCertain varieties of Judaism consider the supposition that all told Jewish teachings must(prenominal) strictly be adhered to (Wylen, 2000). Although, there atomic number 18 other forms of Judaism that view teachings that uphold on how to usher a morality in human lives are obligatory, much less, essential others dismiss be considered as discretionary or optional. For the reason that Judaism is an assorted religion with an extensive range of beliefs and practices, it must not be presupposed that a Jew has certain types of beliefs or follows precise forms of religious practice (Eisenberg, 2004). Various types of Judaism are linked by an intense impression of peoplehood (ICS, 2013), a shared inheritance, tradition or custom, and collective set and standards. Judaism gives Jews with guidance on how to carry out their religion and inspire good values (ICS, 2013). These instructions adjudicate from numerous bases that include Jewish sacred texts suc h(prenominal) as the Bible and the Talmud (ICS, 2013). Other Jewish texts such as the subsequent literary works written by rabbis and philosophers are excessively being used. Judaism is unrivalled of the most important religions that are still being practiced today. Thus, it sensibly important to dig in deeper to its historical derivations, and the significant figures, observance, teachings, and events that can be relatively associated with it. This paper shall elaborate on these categories, which should provide readers a general overview of Judaism. Judaism and Abraham One of the fundamental teachings of Judaism is the belief that there is only one God, a belief that is also known as ethical monotheism (Wylen 2000 ICS, 2013). Judaism teaches that there is a lone God who created the universe and everything that is in it a Supreme Being who cherishes and tends humanity a God who desires that His people departing live ethical lives (ICS, 2013), which makes it a strong cause that h aving a profound understanding of Judaism is crucial in appreciating the historical lineage of the world. The overage Testament confirms that Abraham started off monotheism or the belief in one God, and was the first person to refuse perfection worship. Abraham is a fundamental component of Judaism in that he was considered to be the Father of the Jewish people and that it was through him and his offspring that a bargain was handed on to succeeding generations (Pellach, 2006). The Abrahamic Covenant, which can be found in Genesis 12-17, elaborates three main issues (1) God would bestow Abraham the Land of Canaan and make him the father of all nations and of his progenies (2) God would create a great nation through him and (3) God would yield a approval to those who consecrate him and curse those who curse him. In Genesis 123 God says, I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you and in you all the families of the earth shall be delightful (New Internati onal Version). Abrahams covenant is particularly important because it serves as the source to the Bible and world history (Pellach, 2006). The soil of almost all Christian teachings is rooted on the belief that God has a chosen people, which will reveal themselves in the last days of the earth. Although, some people in various civilization and cultures believe that the covenant no longer applies today, the Bible reaffirms that Abrahamic covenant is still in effect. The Bible says, He God remembers his covenant forever, the word which he commanded,

Production and International Logistics Case Study

Production and International Logistics - slipperiness Study ExampleIn the early 1900, Henry Ford, the owner of Ford tug company became the worlds richest manpower by his portion output signal success in the automobile industry. During World War II, the US organisation also requested him to mass produced bomber air crafts for the US Air Force. Ford Motor Companys turnout system during those years is a good example of a mass action system. Demand was so high, Ford has to mass produced to satisfy demand.Ford has all the good reason to hold high inventories during those years, that was, to enliven his guests by keeping a steady supply of his automobiles. This is also one of the reasons why some firms chose to mass produced. Another reason is the uncertainties in supply and supply capacity (Morton 1999).Toyota saw the success of Ford Motor but cannot replicate Henry Fords production strategy due to the devastation suffered by Japans economy after(prenominal) the war. This gave birth to a new concept of production where bloodline level is zero, the sparse production system, otherwise known as the Just-in-Time or JIT system.In the Machine That Changed the World, James Womack, used the term lean production to describe the profound revolution in manufacturing that was initiated by the Toyota Production System (cited by Asay, D. and Ott, S ,1998 ).Toyotas factories, along with most of its suppliers, can be spotted around Toyota City. Delivery of components and parts depended on the speed of the gather line, and parts were delivered using logistics just at the right time when these are needed. The system eliminates the need to ladder large inventories but close coordination between suppliers and logistics for the success of the system. When delivery of components or raw materials lagged behind, or when in that respect are defects on deliveries, the strategic advantage and benefits that could have been gained from using the lean concept would be defeated. This guide adherents of JIT to embark on a system of managing inventory and logistics in collaboration with total quality counseling (Heizer, Render 2001).The movement of supplies and other commodities from suppliers to users or consumers in the supply chain is a function of logistics. This is particularly important in a global economy where competition is borderless. International logistics therefore plays an important employment in the success of production. The following section compares and contrast the traditional mass production system and lean production system. 2.0 Mass Production vs. Lean ProductionTraditional mass production differs from lean production in its overall organizational characteristics and manufacturing methods. Let us compare and contrast mass production as against lean production on the following terms business strategy, organizational culture, customer relationship, production and scheduling, inventory management, quality assurance, information manageme nt and manufacturing cost.2.1 Business StrategyIn mass production strategy, the focus is on exploiting economies of scale of existing products and technologies. This strategy takes advantage of the decrease in the unit cost of the product as the volume of production per period of time increases (Kroll, et al, 1996).On the other hand, lean production strategy is customer focused. It seeks to identify and exploit new opportunities and competitive advantage through product design,

Soccer Injures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Soccer Injures - Essay Example overly soccer being very much enjoyable, this paper tries to put forward the argument that it also injures. The search explains how soccer as a game is a start to many diverse injuries and that it is fundamental for it to be realized for the right prevention measures to be employed. The effects of the injuries are also clearly explained that the extent of the injuries induced by soccer may come out clearly.Beside Soccer being an enjoyable sport and with fast festering popularity, many people do non consider the fact that soccer in itself is quite formidable and can cause injuries both serious-minded and minor. Many people view soccer as a very safe game and very soft, thus, many people who join the sport do not have any anticipation of being injured. Some other people, including players who know that soccer can cause injuries only believe that those injuries can only be buggy. They also assume that these injuries can simply be cured by physicia ns who are present on the field. I figured out that it is important to actualize and accept the fact that soccer can cause injuries and thereby it will be easy to topic precautions and even prevent some of the injuries. Although it is widely argued that most of the injuries that players get on the field cannot be prevented, since they are not planned for, I believe that once the players know what to expect of the game, they can avoid the injuries, and also that, they will also learn how to manage them (Per, Kristian and Kim 1248).Soccer as opposed to the thoughts of many can cause injuries from mild ones to very serious ones and worse off, they can even cause death. I consider whole of these together as dangerous. Taking an example of mild injuries, repeated mild injuries can lead to serious problems. One can even end up with a permanent injury because of repeated mild injuries. This can lead to suspension from the game or even termination of ones life history as a soccer

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets Essay

Small and intermediate sized enterprises (SMEs) in uphill markets - Essay ExampleIn addition to the challenges and support systems for SMEs in emerging markets, technology is some other focus of attention and how it can be used to enhance the growth of SMEs in emerging markets. This is because the global market straight off is mainly influenced by constant changes in technology. Further, the development SMEs within developing markets also require R&D as a way of enhancing innovation to image that products from emerging markets compete at the same level with products from industrialized nations. This paper also discusses how the information from the writings can be used in future to improve the prospect of entrepreneurs and that of SMEs within emerging markets.SMEs today contribute towards new investments across the globe and thus, the need for various stakeholders to shift their focus in this emerging sector. SMEs normally lack the resources at the disposal of large firms to i nvest in difficult markets. However, numerous opportunities last for SMEs in terms of investing in developing markets. For example, South Sudan, a new entrant in the global market presents abundant opportunities for SMEs. In industrialized nations, SMEs have a significant impact on the economy however, this is not the same in the emerging and underdeveloped countries. This is because SMEs are faced with a yield of constraints that include poor infrastructure, collateral requirements that are sometimes considered unrealistic and high administrative costs. In addition, monetary constraint is seen as a major hindrance for the development of SMEs in emerging economies1.On another note, where the SME sector is weak, this also impact negatively on job opportunities, innovation and a countrys GDP. In this sense, establishing support structures for SMEs result in various benefits for the emerging markets. This is because supporting SMEs growth

Biology Research Paper on Brain Tumors Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biology on mentality Tumors - Research Paper ExampleAll types of principal neoplasms can be life threatening generally because of their invasive nature in the minimal space of the intracranial cavity. Since the skull protects the outlook well, early detection of brain tumor is not often possible. Therefore, detection of brain tumors generally happens only in advanced stages when its causes unrecovered return in the brain and this problem increases the severity of this disease. foreland tumors can damage brain in a number of ways. Usually, brain tumors shift the brain or press it against the skull and damage healthy brain tissues and nerves. display case of symptoms of brain tumors may be greatly influenced by the affected location as different separate of the brain have entirely different functions. It is less likely that brain tumors will spread to an early(a)(prenominal) organs outside the central nervous system. Head ache and nausea are some of the approximately leafy v egetable symptoms of brain tumors and the symptoms will be very severe in the morning. Seizures, difficulty in intellection or speaking, loss of balances, personality changes, paralysis in side of the body, troubles in vision, confusion, and memory loss gain other major symptoms of brain tumors. As many of these symptoms may indicate other common checkup problems, people would not consult doctor at initial stages and this situation adds to the fatality of brain tumors. caput tumors are of two types including primary brain tumor and secondary (metastatic) brain tumor. The major difference among these two is that the primary brain tumor is developed in the brain itself whereas the metastatic brain tumor is initiated as a cancer in another body part. In common cases, primary brain tumor will not spread to other parts of the body. According to pathologists (qtd in National Brain Tumor Society, 2011), primary brain tumor can be grouped into two categories such as glial tumors and no nglial tumors. Glial tumors are composed of glial cells, which contain astrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells. The nonglial tumors originate in brain structures including glands, nerves, and phone line vessels. In contrast, in case of secondary brain tumors, some of the cancer cells reach the brain by blood or from the adjacent tissue. Clinical practitioners note that secondary brain tumors are the most common type of brain tumors (National Brain Tumor Society, 2011). How it affects the body? To a great extent, impacts of brain tumor on the body depend on a number of factors such as its type, location, and involved area of brain. once the human brain develops brain tumor, the tumor cells may mutate and grow and thereby damage other parts of the brain. Clinical practitioners claim that brain tumors will cause troubles to hearing or speech gradually. In advanced stages, victims arms and legs may lose sensation and their other body functions may be in earnest affected. Sometimes, brain tumors will cause additional damages to the brain because skull is solid and it cannot stretch as the tumor grows. Tumors developed in the area of basal ganglia cause issues like abnormal movements and abnormal body positioning. Patients posture towards the disease is a major factor determining the effects of brain tumor

Ipplepen Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ipplepen Plc - Essay ExampleThe ongoing ratio is a very good 1.82. It shows that the ac unions current assets are nearly devil time its current liabilities. This is a good solvency position for any company. The acid test ratio to a fault shows a healthy liquid position of the company, where its current assets over its stock assets are about 1.19 quantify its current liabilities. The figures for acid test ratio are not available for 2005. The liquid state position of the company is good, and it reflects good working capital utilization by the company. Apart from the revenue generated from operations, the company indulges in spend and financing activities. In the year 2006, the company invested to the tune of 636,000 in Internet development, and trademarks to the value of 30,000. The corresponding investments for 2005 were nil. Ipplepen invests its cash, at bank and in hand, under the bank deposit rates. Short term deposits are besides universeness made at floating rates, af ter taking into account the meeting of the cash requirement. The company has a good amount of undrawn committed borrowing facilities also. The bank overdrafts are charged at 5.46% per annum in 2006, which was 5.38% per annum in 2005. A slight increase in average effective interest rate is seen. Overall, the liquidity position of the company is good and the company is solvent.... The company is showing a consistent growth in all profitability measures. It is a profit making company, and there are reasons that it is worth commit in the company.Liquidity assessmentThe liquidity position of the company in 2006 is strong, as can be seen from the liquidity measures of working capital, current ratio, and acid test ratio. The working capital is positive and has increased from around 29,886,000 to 38,924,000 in 2006. The company has performed well in managing its capital in the previous year and this year it sees an increase in its working capital. The current ratio is a very good 1.82. It shows that the companys current assets are nearly twain times its current liabilities. This is a good solvency position for any company. The acid test ratio also shows a healthy liquidity position of the company, where its current assets over its stock assets are about 1.19 times its current liabilities. The figures for acid test ratio are not available for 2005. The liquidity position of the company is good, and it reflects good working capital utilization by the company. Apart from the revenue generated from operations, the company indulges in investing and financing activities. In the year 2006, the company invested to the tune of 636,000 in Internet development, and trademarks to the value of 30,000. The corresponding investments for 2005 were nil. Ipplepen invests its cash, at bank and in hand, under the bank deposit rates. Short term deposits are also being made at floating rates, after taking into account the meeting of the cash requirement. The company has a good amount of undrawn committed borrowing facilities also. The bank overdrafts are charged at 5.46% per annum in 2006, which was 5.38% per annum in 2005. A

Drinking Water Quality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drinking Water fibre - Assignment ExampleFrom this discussion it is clear that urine quality is very important to humanity as well as the survival of other species. First of all, portable water is amplyly scarce. More crucially, solely 3% of the worlds water is safe for drinking and 2% of this water is found deoxyephedrine and glaciers. Therefore, it is only 1% of the worlds water that is actually available for drinking. This is the reason why water quality is an important topic to many people. Water is very important to the daily life of a human being. Water is an integral part of most items we purchase and consume each day. This includes the various foods and drinks. step drinking water is important to human health and the general well-being. Water is also used end-to-end our homes for pur produces of cooking, bathing, cleaning, laundry, watering plants and a many other purposes.This study highlights that human activities also have a high influence on water quality. Water pol lution due to human as well as industrial activities have led to some devastating effects on the whole ecosystem. Developing countries ar struggling with intestinal diseases while the developed ones face eutrophication. It is clear that although there may be an enough supply of water, the unsuitable quality of this water is likely to limit its use. Therefore, we should avoid engaging in activities that pose a challenge to water quality. The hypothesis that guided this study is that Sharjah tap water has less than 500ml/L TDS.

Bill of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bill of Rights - Essay ExampleI. Freedom of religion, speech or of the press or peaceful assembly right to seek redressal of grievances from government. II. Freedom to keep and bear arms. III. No house should be occupied by a soldier except with permission of owner. IV. People should be secure in their someones, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures warrants should be reasonable and issued upon probable cause and describe the person, place, papers and effects being seized. V. indictment by grand control board, prohibition of double jeopardy self incrimination application for due bear upon of law. VI. In all crook prosecutions, accused shall have a speedy trial by jury be confronted with the witnesses against him should compel witnesses attendance and have counsel to defend him. VII. In suits of value exceed 20 dollars, trial shall be by jury. VIII. Restraints against excessive bail and fines. IX. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain r ights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. The Fifth Amendment provides for due process of law which means that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property at the whim of the government acting in an unreasonable manner. Secondly, it provides protection against self incrimination. This means that no person will be made to admit about something which may offer evidence against himself in a criminal case. The rule has evolved into new concepts of law. virtuoso such, known as the Miranda (1966) warnings mandate that a person about to be arrested or during the course of enquiry if he is a suspect should be made aware that what he will speak aft(prenominal) that point shall be used as evidence against him and that he has a right to remain silent. It promote provides that t he person should be informed that he is entitled to levelheaded counsel before speaking. Any confessional argument obtained during course of criminal proceedings without Miranda warnings would be inadmissible in evidence if used against the person. In Kirby (1972) it was held that criminal proceedings include formal charge, preliminary hearing, indictment or arraignment. Confession, an admission of guilt by a person is covered under the Fifth and Sixth Amendment. Fifth prohibits self incrimination and Sixth provides for legal counsel and applies after formal charges have been filed. In Fikes (1957) it was held that in the totality of circumstances the defendant did not exercise his power of resistance and the confession was held inadmissible. In Massiah (1964) it was held that teachings made by defendant to a co-accused in absence of counsel could not be used against the defendant. The knowledge of the public regarding the Bill of Rights is very low. In general there is much igno rance of the content and meaning of the Bill of Rights ( Patrick, 1988). The results of the survey reveal the above statement to be true. Though the population for the survey is small, the results match with bigger surveys. According to a survey, Many more Americans remember that Michael Jackson sang Beat It than know that the Bill of Rights is part of the Constitution (N. D.). Another survey, heretofore revealed that the right to worship as you

Emerging Economy Of Russia Essay Example for Free

Emerging Economy Of Russia Es utterSince Russia suffered the frugal crisis in 1998, its prudence has grown steadily. The growth has been attributed to investments, consumer demand, the prices of oil and cheap ruble. Since the financial crisis, Russias financial commit has mendd, with the poverty train declining and the middle class improving. The field has the third largest oil reserves in the world, thank to the earnings from the oil exports, which stick out enabled it to increase the oil reserves.It also enjoys a bilateral market price of admission agreement in partnership with the United States, with its companies involved in acquisitions and mergers at a global level in the oil, metals, telecom and the gas industries. (The providence of Russia, 2008) The aim of this essay is to describe what it has taken Russia for its economy to show up to what it is today. Its also purposed to find out how its economy has benefited from globalization. The start of Russias frugal growth Economics is iodin part of globalization, and it has been argued that it carries with it major changes in all walk of life.Anthony Gibbons said that, globalization is an irresistible force, transforming all aspects of present-day(a) society, politics and the economy. Howard says that many writers fill expressed the hope that it eventually leads to the introduction of world wide western-style, representative institutions and human rights. Concerning globalization in Russia, he says that it has had long ambient feelings about its betoken in the world. Russia steeringes its oversight towards Europe, Asia, and the Islamic world and at the same time is able to concentrate on its economy.It has been called a nuance of its own, as at times, it wants to be a civilization on its own and at others wanting to be associated with the Western world. However, its clear that Russia has always wanted to be accepted in the civilized world. (Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) Howard continues t o say that Russia was far behind the race for globalization. He gives these reasons as first, that Russia did not possess the technical wherewithal to compete with countries similar India, much less those in the EU of the United States.The second reason he gives is that since the collapse of socialism in December1991, the country has been so destabilized and so chaotic that the idea of its being able to join the plow of globalization was wishful thinking. He says that for the past twenty odd years, Moscow has had much chief(prenominal) priorities. Its focus was on transition, from the old communist to a new, different, and for many years undefined political and economic system. The fashion of a globalized economy took second, if not the fourth or fifth, or even a lower place in its priorities.(Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) Later on, the importance of globalization was realized in Russia. It was important, in that thither was the hope of it deliverance modern technology to the coun try. Bringing globalization to Russia was however a hard task, facing one paradox after another, such as corruption, which made it expensive and hard to operate there. in that location was also no system of commercial laws and neatist style work habits, both of which atomic number 18 necessary if a country expects to create modern, heavy(p)ist, multinational organizations and be competitive in a capitalist market.Not only did Russia have a little impact on globalization, but until recently, one could argue that the impact of globalization itself on Russia was minimal. The country was too weak and isolated, and besides that, cultural factors played a role. (Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) The role of the government in Russias economic growth When he came to power, Mikhail Gorbachev was convinced that he could revitalize the communist system-that it was not so much as the system, but bureaucratization and Stalinization that had put the country in a period of stagnation.However, Gorbache vs rides to inhale the communist system ended in failure in December 1991, when the soviets yoke flag was lowered over the Kremlin to be replaced by the Russian tricolor. There was a short lived effort to create the Commonwealth of Independent States. (CIS) an organization that Moscow hoped would help keep the USSR together. Later on, it was realized that the CIS existed in name only, as the USSR evolved into fifteen different countries.This forced the Russian federation to go it alone. Vladmir Putin succeeded Gorbachev. He hoped to restore the country to the point where the rest of the world would take it seriously. He also wanted the country to have the kind of economic that other countries standardised India had with the United States. He made it clear that the change would be evolutionary and not revolutionary or cataclysmic as it had been before. He advocated for globalization, but only if it was in accordance to the Russian political culture.He also outlined a number of areas that he believed were important in the management of the countries economy and in the incorporation of globalization such as integrating the Russian economy into world economic structures and engaging in a battle against the economic crimes. Putins efforts to persuade relations with other countries One of the major goals of Putin was to bring globalization to Russia. He was especially concerned in improving the relations of the country with the U. S. He made it clear that while there might be differences of opinion mingled with the United States and Russia, he was prepared to talk.An example of efforts by the government leaders to improve relations with the U. S was the June, 2001 Foreign minister Igor Ivanov talks with the Bush administration. There were a series of exchanges between Kremlin and Washington, and the two men agreed to meet in Slovenia. The Ljubljana summit had a major, positive impact o the U. S-Russian relations, thanks largely to the personal chemistry betw een the two men. Despite substantive differences, it was clear that the melodic line between the two countries had improved.The best news however was on the issue of globalization, where President Bush announce that he would body forth Russias application to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), an action that would significantly increase Russias interdependence with the rest of the world. Putin put efforts to gain the trust of President Bush, as he would also lay an important role in marching Russia towards globalization. (Wiarda Howard J. , 2008) Trade in Russia After lux years as an instrument of the state plan, trade in Russia has irrupted as one of the most explosive elements in the present economy and society.Caroline, in her book, The unmaking of a soviet life suggests that the post-soviet Russian economy is dominated by merchant capital marrow that the enterprises seek profit from commerce rather than through the teddy of mathematical product. In the sphere of pro duction, a lot of the old Soviet structure remains. What more is that the merchant capital does not evolve spontaneously into modern capitalism rather, homogeneous the past alliance of merchant capital with feudal dominant classes, the present cliental links between Russian managers and organs of political power save the growth of autonomous bourgeoisie.(Humphrey Caroline, 2002) In Russia, many provinces cannot still balance their budgets. They rely on financial budgets from Moscow, meaning that very generally, money circulates through regional governmental budgets, only to certain parts of the population fundamental industries (power, transport), state employees (administrators, doctors, teachers), and state dependants (pensioners, invalids, war veterans). Successful traders reap this cash, giving rise to a number of support industries for the rich New Russians, as they are called, such as car-repair firms, security teams, and builders of their new houses.(Humphrey Caroline, 200 2) In the historic long duration, Russian state policy towards trade has been characterized by autocratic, centralized control with a some temporary windows of quasi-free trade. Russias economic SWOT analysis Opportunities The World Trade Organization is an opportunity for Russia. As a member of the WTO, Russia would be in a better position to diversify and to expand its production and foreign trade. The bulk of international trade is determined by comparative advantage and trade in differentiated products, by economies of scale and by advantages in imperfect competition.Accessions to the social station in the WTO would require citywide commitments by the Russian government to reduce its tariffs and to provide greater market access to all of its regions. The capital punishment of the commitment in the medium term, prescribed by the WTO rules and regulations, would increase long-term economic flexibility indoors and among the international sectors. In general, the entry of Russi a to the WTO would build a body of commercial law in Russia conforming to WTO standards and would foster interdependence between external and internal codes.Strengths Some of its strengths are that it is well endowed with scientists, engineers and mathematicians, as well as with a low cost and a highly motivated young parturiency force. The availability of such resources has been of importance in the development of Russias economy. Another strength of the Russian economy is the diversification of it economy, which has led to the growth of its international trade, and has made it possible to mitigate the impact of external orbitual and oil shocks.(Letiche John M. , 2007) Its massive and exploitable hydrocarbon reserves, precious metal deposits and potentially vibrant industrial base are of great importance in the growth of the Russian economy. Threats On the other hand, one of the threats to the Russian economy is the enlargement of the European Union. Although it seems to be an o pportunity to the economy, Russia should not be too sure about it. There is evidence that the EU might be a threat without intending to be one.The problems have become obvious, by looking at the dependency, national identity, regional split and generally cost approaches. The EU has often been looked at by its members as a safe harbor important to reach, and this view proves to be problematic. Greece has been a dupe of this, when its economic growth stagnated after joining the EU. Russia should realize that dependency, instead of cooperation is dangerous. Also, the enormous costs of the EU membership for the countries would probably endanger the economic growth of the countries. (Ledderhos Manja, 2007)Weaknesses The economy of Russia has been growth, although the growth rate has been slow. It is said that a growing economy is the best way to show the governments effectiveness in leading the country. However, there is the danger of an obsession with the economic growth, leading to a neglect of the structural shifts and the quality of growth. An overdependence of Russia to its massive resources like oil and gas could create structural weaknesses within the economy as energy prices fluctuate like it happened in 1998. (Strengths and weaknesses, 2007) ConclusionThere is no doubt that the Russian economy has undergone a big change, from the deign of communism in 1991 to the economic crisis in 1998 and the growing economy it is today. However, the government needs to watch the trends of the economic growth. The country has also welcomed globalization, hence the availability a bigger market for it products and more investment opportunities for the foreigners. This means that if the government would expose the economy more to globalization, then there would far greater markets for its oil, gas, metals and other resources. otherwise countries that have not had the opportunity to invest in the country would also do so. Finally, Russia should put more effort in pushing f or their entry to the World Trade Organization as this will be of importance in boosting its trade opportunities with other countries. It would also result to a more or a faster growth of its economy.References1) Humphrey Caroline, The unmaking of Soviet life everyday economies after socialism, Cornell University Press, 20022) Ledderhos Manja, SWOT Analysis of Transition Countries in the Baltic Sea Region, GRIN Verlag, 2007, pg 17-18 3) Letiche John M. , Russia moves into the global economy, Routledge, 2007, pg 34 4) Strengths and weaknesses of the Russian economy, 3/1/2007, Russia in global affairs, retrieved on 4/1/2009 from http//eng. globalaffairs. ru/numbers/18/1090. html 5) The economy of Russia (Russia), Spain Exchange, retrieved on 4/1/2008 from http//www. spainexchange. com/guide/RU-economy. htm 6) Wiarda Howard J. , Globalization universal trends, regional implications, UPNE, 2008

Success is about hard work and not luck Essay Example for Free

Success is about hard work and not luck EssayThis is the case of 74 year old male longanimous heavy smoking carriage (2 packs per day) presenting to the floor of MGH for the above chief complaints. History goes back to 15 days when the patient noticed 3 successive episodes of blood with urination at morning, hotshotness hour apart, painless ,of large amount, complete rate of flow ,also the patient recorded that he saw 2 pieces of clots after excretion at noon of aforesaid(preno minute of arcal) day .then the color of body of water was back to normal as the patient said. theres associated nocturia, urgency, and drippling of one month duration .also weight loss of 15 kg within 3months.NO burning sensation , no pain ,no dysuria, no fever ,no flank pain,no back pain, no nausea no vomiting, no constipation ,no other system involved symptoms. The patient was admitted to MGH for further investigations.PMH DM 25 years pastHTN 10 years agoCAD 10 years agoMedicationsconcor 5 mg one at morningaspicot 100 mg ODLipitor 20 mg ODmetformin 750 mg PO BIDamaryl 4 mg PO dailytritase 10 mg PO dailyPSH CABG, hemorroidectomy , left herniectomy, right hip fixation by plates and screws(duration unknown by the patient). Family history Mother(DM,HTN,CAD)allergic reaction No known drug or food allergy.Physical examinationGeneral examinationThe patient is conscious, cooperative, oriented, pale, sitting, thin , cachectic ,having foley catheter.(seen 2 days postop) Vital SignsRR 24/minPulse 64/minTemp. 37.4 CBP 160/90 mmhg.HEENT pallor, no cyanosis, no jaundice, no ecchymosis, no mouth ulcers , bad ad-lib hygiene Decreased visual acuity (presbiopia) ,arcus senilis ,diplopia No tinnitus, no vertigo (Dix hallpike test not done) chest of drawers exgood bilateral air entry. No rub, no crepitations, no wheezes. cardiac ex unvarying S1S2 with no murmurs.Abdomen ex1. Inspection non distended symmetrical abdomenNo visual pulsation or peristalsisNo localized bulgeMale pattern of hair distributionUmbilicus is around shifted downwards, no dischargeNo full flanksNormal subcostal angleNo spider angiomasNo visible veinsNo scars, or scalingred colored urine(in the foleys bag) but the urine is clear due(p) to irrigation of bladder 2.Auscultation audible bowel sounds, no renal artery bruit3.Palpation soft non tender abdomen, warm, no palpable masses, Lower border of liver is not felt, upper border at 5th ICS on the MCL Spleen is not palpable Both kidneys are not palpable , no CVA tenderness. no suprapubic pain.4.Percussiontympanitic urinary bladder5.DRE not done6.Genitalia examination not doneLower limbs corroboratory pedal pulses no lower limb edema, no redness no bruises no muscular atrophy. derivative diagnosis1- bladder cancer2- BPH3- Prostatitis4- Urolithiasis5- Prostate cancer incidental or advanced.Investigations Labs CBCD, BUN, Creatinine ,electrolytes, CRP, HBA1C,FBS,LDL,HDL,triglyceride PT ,PTT ,PSA, urine analysis and culture. Imaging CT urography(ur oscan),cystoscope and urine cytology.What was done at the hospital ItemMinumumMaximum valuate pre opHemoglobinUrine analysis normalUltrasound of pelvis no post residue voiding ,small thick wall, prostate is enlarged measuring 39 grams Management Control the glucose level preopTURBTTURP to remedy obstruction with biopsy of prostateSend the samples to pathology and wait the results.If the tumor did not invade the detrusor muscle its picayune and managed according to grading and depth (Ta low grade TUPBT only ,T1 low grade or Ta high grade TURBT + intravesicle injection of chemotherapy , T1 high grade TUPBT and relook after 1 month) if invade the detrusor muscle T2 = metastatic workup CT abdomen ,chest , and bone scan.then remove the bladder and do urinary divergence by neobladder or ileostomy(conduit).

Psychology for Law Enforcement Essay Example for Free

Psychology for Law Enforcement Essay1. Describe the standard policy regarding confidentiality for a legal philosophy psychologist. Be sure to address handling records, being a counselor versus evaluator, and your role during critical accident debriefing.Different legal foundations have set standards regarding the standard of confidentiality for all(prenominal) law psychologist. Psychological services for the patrol have considerably grown providing a number of clinical and occupational functions. They include operational remain firm services, training, research and counseling services. However, handling confidentiality matters have grown recently and an military rank between counseling roles and military rating abilities. By and large, the police psychologist is an evaluator and therefore at liberty in making independent and beauteous assessments. He/should should prove high levels of confidentiality in records concerning produce fittingness. This is to imply that a pol ice psychologist should be professionally sound in matters of handling records. Any disclosure of the records pertaining physical fitness usher out only be done during times of necessity.The evaluation mathematical operation should avoid variety or unfair justice to the assessed. comparable an evaluator, he should posit high morals concerning fair assessment of the fitness to work by the police officers. This is presumed eventful because the assessment regarding work fitness is what shows whether an officer can perform or non. They should maintain highest caution in protecting the confidential information that is stored in sundry(a) media forms and the regulation for such(prenominal) disclosures should be inside the limits of the law.Above been record keepers, police psychologists should obtain seemly permission before recording any images or voices from individuals with whom they ar giving services. The confidential information that is obtained from the people is only use ful for professional or scientific purposes allied to the concerned somebodys. Police psychologists be also counselors. They should offer counseling services to client who has motley social problems such as family matters, unfitness for work and other issues. Like a counselor however, he is supposed to ensure confidentiality in all matters at a lower place concern for a particular person under the counseling service.Conceptually, a police psychologist should have the professionalism for addressing critical incident debriefing. This should involve encounters that relate to urgent matters. In the debriefing summons, he should be professionally tactful to avoid arousing discomfort, instability of the mind, stress, shock and social inadequacies to the person he is offering the service. Critical incidence debriefing should therefore be structured in a manner that is comfortable to the client and which should not destabilize the state of the clients mental stability.2. What elements i n an assessment are required to ensure reliability in a pre-employment screening? How do these factors promise performance?Evaluations by psychologists for pre-employment test for physical fitness have grown to be subject of original importance. This has been a concern that arises from police violations and misconduct from the civil rights. The pre-employment evaluations have been described as a putz for evaluating a police physical fitness in his/her affair. However, this growing demand for pre-employment and comprehensive psychological evaluation has stood in conflict with values about disability and privacy accommodating issues. Pre-employment evaluation has been argued as a cornerstone factor towards guiding the safety of the public. This is because only officers who are physically fit for the profession are the one offered with employment at the expense of those who show no substantial qualifications into their physical fitness.Physical fitness for the police officers is a growing requirement from state of the modern police departments which are allied to various law and order provision that does not hesitate physically fit and able professionals. Elsewhere, since the selection, hiring and training process of the police officers is a highly costing exercise, it would rationally be uneconomical to incorporate officers who have no substantial qualification in to the profession. When these officers have consecutive personal crisis that come along their way such as family and marital problems, depression and stress, divorce, memory lapses and accidents, their physical insufficiencies may have negative influences in their functionalities. They are paused with various risks and stress factors that often keep them astray from their work.Officers physical fitness stiff a mandatory factor in their service delivery. However, impaired officers have showed higher opportunitys of identification while at demanding situations, have high probabilities of removal from their working positions and have more referrals for treatments. However, this evaluation should not get out the individuals psychological requirement and perhaps violating their privacy. Therefore, some physical complications should be addressed in specific organizational development and management techniques. Various police agencies use contract and in-house services in conducting this fitness evaluation. In the process, they involve in psychology counseling in evaluating possible psychological discoloration that may be held by the evaluation. It is therefore of great substance for evaluation of physical fitness in response to fitness for work.3. Ethical issues in fitness for duty evaluation.The psychological test for fitness of work in the police department is a compliment of various ethical issues. At one level, every(prenominal) information whether collected through tapes or images should be done at the request of the individual in service. No forced sourcing of informat ion for record purposes should be from forced attri only whene of the individual in the evaluation. Either, every information obtained from the evaluation process should be used solely for research work in an adequate area of concern or coined towards an issue related to the police professionalism. The collected information should not be for personal use by the evaluator. Either, it demands professionalism that personal information retrieved in the evaluation process of fitness for duty should be treated with a lot of confidentiality. No personal information should be retrieved, disclosed or magnified for any public use unless for the interest of the sake of professional good which includes the individual him/herself. (http//www.danielrybicki.com/wfstud3b.htm) dubiousness for the evaluation should be guided by fundamental limitations of the requirement of the disclosures of the confidential information. The counselor/investigator should not be inquisitive of confidential information which is of no substance to the profession. The psychologist should ensure the most minimal levels of attack into privacy as possible. Oral and written reports should only include the information that is relative for the need for which the query was constituted. In any external consultation with his/her colleagues the psychologist should ensure that the no disclosure of confidential information with which it can easily lead to client disclosure unless with a prior authority of this client.The psychologist should take all the rational steps in minimizing and correcting misrepresentation or misuse of the professionalism. He/she should avoid any unfair discrimination that comes up against the respondents. He should not act in a manner of denying the respondent possible chance of promotion to the SWAT team. His/her mode of conduct of the evaluation should not have conflicted with the law and regulations. His evaluation process should be guided by the requirements of law and professi onalism.4. Lopezs process of counseling bears various ethical concerns. It should prevail with the provision of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. At one level, queerness should be understood as a social matter and not surgical. It is a situation which affects the social and psychological attitudes of Lopez. The feeling of homosexuality may mean aspects of depression and tress which is complimentary psychological attributes associated which her sexual situation. Generally, this psychological depression may be a factor towards the rationale for been physically unfit for the work.However since homosexuality is among the many senses of disability, the comestible of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission would require that she still continue in her capacity. One important factor/attribute that she should embrace is personal acceptance of her situation. Since this is not a surgical problem but social issue, unfitness for job would only occur due to the levels of depression and low self-esteem which comes as a result of low self evaluation. Personal acceptance would give her strength and therefore regenerate her fitness for work.

Innocence in Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Innocence in Catcher in the Rye EssayIn JD Salingers Catcher in the Rye, H gray-headeden Caulfield is a boy aimlessly traveling New York City after being expelled from a classy boarding school. Holden poses a great deal of trepidation when it hangs to familiar relationships, especially those of Jane and cheerful. Furthermore, Holden tends to misjudge the maturity of his fellow characters. The combination of this misconception, the tension between hinge onual trepidation, and an fully swelled life with adult relationships, results in confusion for him. In Holdens life, there have only been a few throng hes cherished more than his childhood neighbor, Jane Gallagher. They were close childhood friends, and when his roommate Stradlater brings her up geezerhood later in high school, all he can talk about is the innocent sportsman they used to have playing checkers, watching her dance ballet in the summer heat, and how her Doberman always came into his yard. However, he also re minisces on how her boozehound stepfather would always run around the goddam house naked (42). He suspects that her stepfather had plague Jane, who had a terrific figure, and he wouldntve put it past that bastard (103).This really bothers Holden, as does when Stradlater insinuates that he made sexual advances onto Jane on their date. To Holden, sexual encounters mean an adulteration of honor, and he hates that Stradlater or Janes stepfather may have profane Jane. Many times, Holden promises himself that he outa go down and say hello to her (40), or that he should give old Jane a buzz (195), but he never does. Subconsciously, he fears that Jane will have grown up, and occupation her or seeing her will surely alter the teenaged, innocent, checkers-playing version of Jane that he has in his mind.This is confusing for Holden because Jane has grown up, yet he still thinks of her as a little girl, not the grown woman that she is. Holden knew that she wouldnt let Stradlater get to fir st base with her, but it drove him crazy anyway (104). This shows Holdens electromotive force misconception of Janes innocence. It is unlikely for a post-teenage young woman to be as sheltered and have as much innocence as she did when she was a little girl. However, this is something Holden cannot grasp.This dilemma is a direct result of Holdens irrational respect for innocence, influenced by sexual confrontations in Holdens past. When Holden agrees to have a prostitute come to his room in the hotel, he is soon greeted by Sunny at his door. Holden is immediately unimpressed with Sunnys maturity how she was jiggling this one foot up and down, she never said thank you, and she had this tiny little wheeny-whiny voice (123). He also notices that she appears very young, and said things that were really childish.This ends up making him feel more depressed than sexy (123), and he decides not to have sex with her after all. The depiction of this young girl making money as a prostitute s eems to upset Holden, and he ultimately concludes that having sex with her would spoil her innocence. This is where Holden is again misguided. Just as it is unlikely for Jane to retain the same degree of innocence through the years, it is improbable that Sunny, being a prostitute, will have not had sex with many people in the past, therefore preserving her innocence.But all Holden can see in Sunny is the childish and immature, which results in a conflicted view of the world. The importance of innocence to Holden is something that results in nervousness towards others sexual identity and activity. His perspective of Jane and Sunnys innocence is also misguided to the point where he sees innocence in them when there is none. Overall, the importance of innocence to Holden results in contention that is less than innocent.

“Hedda Gabler” by Henrik Ibsen and the 19th Century Marriage Essay Example for Free

Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen and the 19th degree Celsius Marriage EssayMarriage in the 19th coke was a kind and economic matter, rather than a matter of mortalal relationship. The morals of the era, including family morals, atomic number 18 often associated with the Victorian England, where they revealed themselves in the nigh last and form, yet especi all toldy this kind of attitude towards married couple dominated throughout Europe.The hypocrisy of the 19th century marriage, which caused countless lives to be broken and countless people to be unhappy, inspired many prominent writers ilk Oscar Wild, Gustave Flaubert, Honore de Balzac, Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky to refer to the motifs of protest against such(prenominal) state of things. insofar Henrik Ibsen is unique even in this society, he concentrates on the named subject in virtually ein truth of his famous bids. One of those makes is Hedda Gabler scratch line published in 1890.In this paper I will atte mpt to analyze Ibsens assume in the condition of the XIX century marriage, as well as the effect the play itself had on the social scholarship of family ties. I will argue that Ibsen managed to demonstrate how frustrating a hypocritical marriage bear be and what a disastrous consequences it can cause non only if for the married wo custody, still for every person involved in the relation. I will further argue that the play can be viewed as Ibsens contri providedion to change of the entire social idea of the place of a muliebrity in a family. Ibsen himself wrote that The title of the play is Hedda Gabler.I intended to indicate thereby that as a personality she is to be regarded rather as her fathers daughter than as her saves wife. Here Ibsen refers to the key problem of marriage in the 19th century. A woman has not played any independent role in it. She has unendingly been viewed as belonging to some man, whether it is her father, brother or husband. Correspondingly, she had no opportunity to develop her feature life and magic spelled out to be a toy in the hands of men, being only when dependent on them in social and economic aspects . In Heddas case she is either a daughter of a general, or a wife of an academic.But what is worse, she is dependent not only socially, plainly even mentally. She does not seem to be very clever, yet this does not mean that she lacks part. At her first approach Ibsen stresses her pale and opaque face and that her steel-grey eyes express a cold, unruffled repose . She is no room a foolish maiden dreaming only of lavish and careless life, throughout the play she often acts as a person of firm will, yet of a bad, or rather vestigial character. This personal underdevelopment includes both narrow outlook and lack of moral principles.Perhaps she has been taught everything possible about morals, but a person of her type would rather act in contrary to imposed principles. Hedda really belongs to her husband and she is c onstantly reminded of that. This makes her bank for power even stronger, as she demonstrates more and more masculine features as the play develops. Unwilling to accept the feminine stereotypes of behavior Hedda plays with her fathers pistols perhaps more to shock and discompose her family, because handling arms is surely not a proper thing for a young lady. Yet the play with the pistols is still comparatively innocent.It appears that Hedda plays her own game with the society. Her relatives treat her as an obedient toy, so Hedda starts exploitation them as toys in turn. This is a game of arrogance and indifference. Hedda makes snobbish remarks to the surrounding people, insults Aunt Julies sore hat. The game gradually becomes more and more dangerous, and ends with two suicides. It seems that in this game Hedda makes critical difference amidst a hat and Lovborgs life. What the world has given to Hedda that Hedda returns to the world, and in case her dreams of luxurious earthly concern are ruined, she can ruin the world in turn.The dependent position of a woman in marriage is inherently followed by another aspect of 19th century marriage restriction of a woman. Ibsen be this social barrier in the repeated image of a glass door. The barrier is easy to be removed or broken, which she nervously walks to, but which she neer opens, dying inside the claustrophobic space of the house. A question might arise here why Hedda at all married Jorgen Tesman whom she never love and whom she openly neglected? The most obvious answer is that Hedda was in need of money, since her fathers only heritage was a honest name.Tesman was an acceptable choice to her. He is considerably prosperous, his scientific prospects look perfectly, his name is noble, and, what is most important, his character is not very strong, so Hedda can easily control him. What is less obvious is Heddas desire to revenge Lovborg who failed to meet her hopes. Whether consciously or not, Hedda is makin g her way towards actual murder and suicide from the very beginning of the play. Although even in the 19th century the declared ground of marriage was love, Hedda cries to the Judge not to use this sickening word .She has crossed out her dreams of love and she does not want even to believe them. However, Hedda at least has an idea of love and passions, while her husband has none. As Hedda married Tesman of convenience, so Tesman did to Hedda. He is attracted both by her origin and by her beauty, while her destruction impresses him in a strange way Shot herself Shot herself in the temple Fancy that . This last phrase shows his real attitude. He never loved Hedda, and his primary concern was his own social position which he hoped to improve with a erect marriage and an image of a beautiful wife.In fact there are no good or bad characters in the play, no victims and no executioners. Hedda is often blamed as a snobbish, mean-spirited, small-minded, conservative, cold, bored, vicious. Shes sexually eager but terrified of sex ambitious to be bohemian but frightened of outrage a desperate romantic fantasist but ineffective to sustain any loving relationship with anyone, including herself . This all can be true, but other characters are not better. The basic defect of the situation is that men and women surrounding Hedda are completely unable to see her as a personality outside of her social position.To the last they believe that Hedda would act in the accepted way, whether it is Tesman who views his wife as a beautiful doll or Judge Brack who blackmails Hedda to enter into the family and probably force Hedda to a love affair believe that Hedda would act as a women in hopelessness, in other words obey . Brack is surprised with Heddas rebelliousness against the rule and asks Are you so unlike the generality of women as to have no turn for duties? . But what Hedda does not want to hear about are duties. In this company even Lovborg causes little compassion.An mis erable alcoholic who almost ruined his talent saved not due to his own effort, but due to a woman, he is unable even to die in the way Hedda has determined, and his suicide looks ridiculous. macrocosm finally cornered by the circumstances Hedda decides to commit suicide herself. All of her dreams are ruined, she is now win over that nobody loves her, her dreams of freedom, luxury and passions appeared to be mirages. She is unable to dominate even in the situation she has herself created. Hedda realizes that she is not a romantic hero but a simple wife of an academic, she is imprisoned and powerless.Her possible motherhood can only aggravate her despair, for a child shall be born from a man she does not love, and childbearing will make her even more helpless and dependent. Thus suicide looks as a natural resort for her. There is an another strong social allusion in the play. Lovborg and Mrs. Elvsted use to label Loveborgs hologram as a child, so burning a manuscript is a similar to child murder. When Hedda kills herself she kills her potential children, as well as ruins her husbands reputation thus doing two things he is scared of.She commits suicide out of escapist intents but it is also a revenge to her husband, Brack, relatives and the whole world where such hypocritical marriage is possible. Hedda Gabler caused an ambiguous reaction of the public ever since premiere. The responses differed from calling it Ibsens greatest play and the most concerning woman that he has created to the devastating characteristic by George Bernard Show who emotionally observed What a marvel of stupidity and nonsense the author did produce in this play It is incredible to think that only a score of years ago the audience sat seriously before its precious obtuseness.American newspapers added oil to the flame of critique. The Philadelphian Ledger wrote after the American premiere What a hopeless sample of degeneracy is Hedda Gabler A vicious, heartless, cowardly, unmoral, mischief-making vixen. Yet I would emphasize a characteristic that corpse actual until now. It has been provided by Justin Huntly McCarthy who wrote of the he most interesting woman that he has created she is compact with all the vices, she is replete(predicate) with all the virtues of womanhood . The debate has not ceased over the years.Hedda became a favored character in the libber movement, the play has been staged in numerous interpretations, including even lesbian one. However such public interest is the best proof of the fact that Ibsen hit the nail. Hedda Gabler is a play about fatal marriage. It starts with return of Hedda from her marry journey and ends with the beginning of her final journey. However, Ibsen managed to generalize his subject and make his play a story of woman place in the society. 19th century marriage did left little space for female existence in the world dominated by males.That what the play is actually about. The motif of domination is revealed thro ughout the play and it is not always possible to say who, except for faulty customs dominates the situation. After all Tesman is unable to control even himself, and Hedda can not take the leading positions in the family due to social restrictions. expiration is her protest. Perhaps it would not be too general to say that Ibsen wrote not only of physical death of his character but of a spiritual death of womanhood in the 19th century marriage. whole shebang Cited 1. Ibsen, Henrik. Hedda Gabler. Digireads. com, 2005. 2. Coontz, Stephanie.Marriage, a History How Love Conquered Marriage. New York Penguin Books, 2006. 3. Templeton, Joan. Ibsens Women. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2001. 4. Eyre, Richard. Femme fatale. Richard Eyre would like to apologise to Ibsen for doubting the greatness of Hedda Gabler. The Guardian. 5 Mar. 2005. 21 April 2009 http//www. guardian. co. uk/stage/2005/mar/05/theatre 5. Sanders, Tracy. Lecture Notes Hedda Gabler Fiend or Heroine. Australian Cat holic University, 2006. 21 April 2009 http//dlibrary. acu. edu. au/staffhome/trsanders/units/modern_drama/hedda_gabler. html

All About Me Essay Example for Free

All About Me EssayMy father continuously told me if at first you dont succeed, try and try again. I have always found this advice useful. My family, my academic interests, and my future goals shape the psyche I am today. My family consists of six members. My father, the one who shows me the right paths, my mother who cares for me and teaches me to be understanding and supporting. My brother, whom I always fight with like how a good friends does. My grandparents who always taught me what Im supposed to do.I learnt a lot of things because of my family, how should I behave in front of others, to be helpful and what I can do to improve my myself. Basically the things I should do at the right time. I really dont know I would have done if had no family. Things would have been a lot different. My family has helped me to be what I am today. I like a lot of academic activities. My main interests are in engineering and astronomy. I develop this interest by watching about it on televisi on.My interest in engineering science helps me know what technology is around me and how can I can use it in the area which interests me. reality is changing. Healthcare has improved very much. The average life span has now increased to 80 90 Years and with growing research in medicine, very soon, people will live more than carbon Yrs. The ageing population will have lower productivity but will need to be fed. I believe agriculture in future will provide challenging opportunities. This challenge interests me very much.My aim is to convey a microbotic engineer. My aim is to help the farmers with better technology so that they can become more productive and grow more with less. I want to play a small disassemble to help the world in area of agriculture. I want to mark something that increases the productivity rate of a farmer with fewer amounts of water, area, land and minerals. With less cost of these, the farmer can produce more crops. I thought of making microbots that can be placed in the soil in the middle of 4 seeds.These microbots should be able to detect the humidity and mineral content. If there are fewer amounts of water or minerals it can communicate with another robot wirelessly which can come to the place where there is requirements and give the compulsory amount of whatever is needed. This could be done instead of watering acres of land. To reach my aim I will try to join clubs that teach how to make robots. I would also like to learn how to make micro chips so I can make my own robots with my technology in it.

The term Baroque Essay Example for Free

The term baroque EssayThe interchange baroque, like or so period or stylistic designations, was invented by later critics preferably than practitioners of the tricks in the 17th and early 18th centuries. It is a French translation of the Portuguese word Barroco (meaning an irregular pearl, or false jewelnotably, an ancient similar word, Barlocco or Brillocco, is intaked in Roman dialect for the same meaningand natural pearls that deviate from the usual, regular forms so they do not obligate an axis of rotation are known as baroque pearls). Alternatively, it may derive from the now antiquated Italian Baroco (meaning, in logical Scholastica, a syllogism with weak capability). A common definition, before the term Barocco was used, called this writing port simply the style of The Flying Forms.The term Baroque was initially used with a derogatory meaning, to underline the excesses of its emphasis, of its eccentric redundancy, its noisy abundance of details, as opposed to the clearer and sober rationality of the Renaissance. It was first rehabilitated by the Swiss-born artistryistic production historian, Heinrich Wlfflin (18641945) in his Renaissance und Barock (1888) Wlfflin identified the Baroque as movement imported into mass, an art antithetic to Renaissance art.He did not make the distinctions between Mannerism and Baroque that modern writers do, and he ignored the later phase, the academic Baroque that lasted into the 18th century. Writers in French and English did not develop to treat Baroque as a respectable study until Wlfflins influence had made German scholarship pre-eminent.In modern usage, the term Baroque may still be used, usually pejoratively, to fall upon works of art, craft, or design that are thought to have excessive ornamentation or complexity of line, or, as a synonym for Byzantine, to describe lit, computer programs, contracts, or laws that are thought to be too complex, indirect, or obscure in phrase, to the extent of concealing or confusing their meaning. A Baroque venerate is deeply felt, simply utterly beyond daily reality.Baroque Baroque visual artA defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting is provided by the series of paintings executed by dent Paul Rubens for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris (now at the Louvre) 1, in which a Catholic painter satisfied a Catholic patron Baroque-era conceptions of monarchy, iconography, handling of paint, and compositions as well as the depiction of quadriceps femoris and movement.There were highly diverse strands of Italian baroque painting, from Caravaggio to Cortona both approaching emotive heartiness with different styles. Another frequently cited work of Baroque art is Berninis Saint Theresa in Ecstasy for the Cornaro chapel service in S. Maria della Vittoria, which brings together architecture, scratch, and theater into one grand conceit 2.The later Baroque style gradually gave way to a more decorative Rococo, w hich, by means of contrast, further defines Baroque.Baroque Baroque literature and philosophyBaroque actually expressed new values, which often are summarised in the use of fable and allegory, widely found in Baroque literature, and in the research for the maraviglia (wonder, astonishment as in Marinism), the use of artifices. If Mannerism was a first breach with Renaissance, Baroque was an opposed language.The psychological pain of Man a theme disbanded after the Copernican and the Lutheran revolutions in search of solid anchors, a proof of an last-ditch human power was to be found in both the art and architecture of the Baroque period. A relevant part of works was made on religious themes, since the Roman Church was the main customer.Virtuosity was researched by artists (and the virtuoso became a common figure in any art) together with realism and care for details (some talk of a typical intricacy).The privilege given to external forms had to compensate and balance the lack of content that has been observed in many Baroque works Marinos Maraviglia, for example, is practically made of the pure, mere form. Fantasy and image should be evoked in the spectator, in the reader, in the listener. All was focused around the individual Man, as a straight relationship between the artist, or directly the art and its user, its client. Art is then little distant from user, more directly approaching him, solving the cultural gap that used to keep art and user reciprocally far, by Maraviglia.But the increased attention to the individual, also created in these schemes some definitive genres like the Romanzo (novel) and let popular or local forms of art, especially dialectal literature, to be put into evidence. In Italy this movement toward the single individual (that some define a cultural descent, while others indicate it was a possible cause for the classical opposition to Baroque) caused Latin to be definitely replaced by Italian.In English literature, the metaph ysical poets represent a closely related movement their poetry likewise sought bizarre metaphors, which they then examined in often extensive detail. Their verse also manifests a taste for paradox, and deliberately imaginative and unusual turns of phrase.Baroque Baroque sculptureIn Baroque sculpture, groups of figures assumed new importance, and there was a dynamic movement and energy of human forms they spiralled around an empty central vortex, or reached outwards into the contact space. For the first time, Baroque sculpture often had multiple ideal viewing angles. The characteristic Baroque sculpture added extra-sculptural elements, for example, concealed triping, or water fountains.The architecture, sculpture and fountains of Bernini (15981680) give highly-charged characteristics of Baroque style. Bernini was undoubtedly the most important sculptor of the Baroque period. He approached Michelangelo in his omnicompetence Bernini sculpted, worked as an architect, painted, wrote plays, and staged spectacles. In the late 20th century Bernini was most valued for his sculpture, both for his virtuosity in carving marble and his ability to create figures that combine the physical and the spiritual. He was also a fine sculptor of bust portraits in high demand among the powerful.Baroque Berninis Cornaro chapel the complete work of artA good example of Berninis work that helps us understand the Baroque is his St. Theresa in Ecstasy (164552), created for the Cornaro Chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome. Bernini designed the entire chapel, a subsidiary space along the side of the church, for the Cornaro family.He had, in essence, a brick box shaped something like a forestage stage space with which to work. Saint Theresa, the focal point of the chapel, is a monochromatic marble statue (a soft white) encircled by a polychromatic marble architectural framing concealing a window to light the statue from above. In shallow relief, sculpted figure-group s of the Cornaro family inhabit in opera boxes along the two side walls of the chapel.The consideration places the viewer as a spectator in front of the statue with the Cornaro family leaning out of their box seats and craning forward to see the mystical ecstasy of the saint. St. Theresa is highly idealized in detail and in an ideational setting. St. Theresa of Avila, a popular saint of the Catholic Reformation, wrote narratives of her mystical endures aimed at the nuns of her Carmelite Order these writings had engender popular reading among lay people interested in pursuing spirituality.She once described the wonder of God as piercing her heart like a burning arrow. Bernini literalizes this image by placing St. Theresa on a cloud in a reclining pose what can only be described as a Cupid figure holds a golden arrow (the arrow is made of metal) and smiles down at her. The angelic figure is not preparing to plunge the arrow into her heart rather, he has withdrawn it. St. Theresa s face reflects not the forecasting of ecstasy, but her current fulfillment, which can only be described as orgasmic.The blending of religious and tingling was intensely offensive to both neoclassical restraint and, later, to Victorian prudishness it is part of the genius of the Baroque. Bernini, who in life and writing was a devout Catholic, is not attempting to satirize the experience of a chaste nun, but to embody in marble a complex truth about religious experience that it is an experience that takes place in the body. Theresa described her bodily reaction to spiritual enlightenment in a language of ecstasy used by many mystics, and Berninis depiction is earnest.The Cornaro family promotes itself discreetly in this chapel they are represented visually, but are placed on the sides of the chapel, witnessing the event from balconies. As in an opera house, the Cornaro have a privileged position in respect to the viewer, in their private reserve, closer to the saint the viewer, how ever, has a infract view from the front. They attach their name to the chapel, but St. Theresa is the focus. It is a private chapel in the sense that no one could say mass on the altar beneath the statue (in 17th century and probably through the 19th) without permission from the family, but the only thing that divides the viewer from the image is the altar rail. The spectacle functions both as a demonstration of mysticism and as a piece of family pride.